Joseph Marie Jacquard invented the programmable loom around 1815 after numerous attempts. It is said to be 'the first computer' as it is based on a binary system using holes punched in card sets which are read. The punched cards rotate on the cylinder controlling the needles and hooks that connect via the harness to the warp threads. These are to be raised or lowered row by row to allow the shuttle to pass through and produce a patterned cloth. (Norwich Museum 2019).
Jacquard technology is used to develop stunning large silk shawls with swirling designs and are now 3.5 x 1.5 metres to fit over crinolines (a stiffened or hooped petticoat).
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